Next sections give a detailed description of each component on the above entry.

RaveTWBP a

This particular code is a 'compiler code': the first five characters (RaveT) are a code for the compiler, Thomas Ravenscroft. The capital letters that follow (WBP) are the intial letters of the first important words in the title, The Whole Booke of Psalmes. The letter 'a', after a space, designates an edition of this source. (There are 4 editions of this particular source; they were not numbered, so we have called them a, b, c, and d.)

'Title codes': When there is no named compiler (or composer), the symbol '#' is used instead of the five characters representing the compiler. Thus #CCR is the code for A Compendium of the Christian Religion, which was published anonymously.

'Generic codes': Some sources, instead of being coded under their compiler or title, have been grouped together as members of a genre, and given a generic code preceded by a star, *. The generic categories are listed below. In a source code, the generic category is followed by a further code to define the specific source (e.g., *P S17).

1621

Assigned year, used to determine the chronological position of this source in the tune histories.

It is the most probable year of publication; if in italics, it is approximate. It may or may not correspond with the year (if any) stated in the title page imprint; it may be based on internal or external evidence or a combination of the two; and it may represent a date in the middle of a range of possible years, or an approximation.

e

Regional code, for the place of publication. There are five regions:

Ravenscroft, Tho[mas].

The compiler (as in this case), or the composer of an entire collection. The part in brackets was supplied, as it was not on the title page of the source.

In some cases a reviser's name is also given (e.g., 'Ravenscroft, Thomas, rev. William Turner'). For persons born before 1700 a modern form of the name is used (e.g., East rather than Est or Este); for other names found in more than one spelling (Broom(e), (F)Fitch, Green(e), Jacob(s)), one has been chosen and used consistently. When the compiler's locality is stated on the source, or otherwise known and relevant, this is given, preceded by the word 'of'.

The Whole Booke of Psalmes: . . . composed into 4. Parts by sundry authors.

The title, given in italics, using some or all of the words printed on the title page.

The words are chosen to include all whose initial letters form part of the source code; to provide an adequately descriptive title of the work, which makes sense by itself; to distinguish it from other sources; and to include pertinent information about the denominational or geographical provenance and intended use of the source. Original spelling and punctuation are retained, but not original capitalization, layout, letter forms (such as I for J, v for u, vv for w, y for th, or the upright form of medial s), or distinctive typography.

Following the title there may also be an indication of a volume or part number, with or without a title of the volume or part.

Untitled tune supplements (*TS) are headed '[Untitled collection]'. For other untitled sources (*UC), the title is replaced by the location and call number of the copy, followed by a description of the source in parentheses.

London

Place of publication.

The town first named in the imprint is stated, in the form current in modern English (London for 'Londini', New York for 'New-York'). If no town is named in the imprint, one may be supplied in parentheses from elsewhere in the source (e.g., the colophon), or in square brackets from outside evidence or conjecture; occasionally, an editorial correction is added in brackets. If there is no basis for suggesting a town, a region or country may be suggested.

For the Company of Stationers

Publisher or printer.

The most significant names are reproduced from the imprint, including the publisher if any is given, and including the printer if no publisher is named. The names are given in their original form, but in a conventional format illustrated by the table. The name of a publisher or printer may be supplied in parentheses or brackets. When it is known, from the title page or elsewhere, that the publisher was located at a place different from the one given as the place of publication, this place is added after the publisher's name.

Phrases like 'Sold by all the booksellers' and 'Sold also by . . .' are ignored. For 'author' read also 'compiler', 'composer', 'editor', etc.

1621

Date of publication.

If unenclosed (as here), it comes from the title page, but roman numerals are always converted to arabic. An enclosed dating, including one correcting the date from the title page, may be in one of a number of forms:

The basis for this conjectural dating, unless obvious from other information in the entry, is given in a footnote.

273p.

Pagination or foliation.

A simplified statement of pagination or foliation is given, e.g. '273p.', '44f.', stating the number of the highest page or leaf in the main numbered sequence. Prefatory pages are ignored, unless they contain hymn tunes; so are unnumbered pages at the end. If the sequence of page numbers shows that pages are missing at the beginning of the book, the first extant page number is also stated (e.g., 'pp. 27-98'). Where pages are missing at the end, '(+ ?)' or another number in brackets is added. When the book is in two or more substantial parts that are separately paginated or foliated, numbering for each part is given.

If the source is oblong in shape the word 'oblong' follows; unusual shapes and designs are described. For all editions with the generic code *P, and certain other early sources, the format is given (2^o for folio, 4^o for quarto, etc.) with a collation of the gatherings and signatures (e.g., A-Z⁸, Aa-Bb⁸, Cc⁴).

Typeset

The method by which the music in the source was printed.

STC 2575, 2575.3, T 16

References to numbered bibliographies. In this case STC refers to the Short-Title Catalogue, and T refers to Temperley, The Music of the English Parish Church.

See the list of abbreviations, Vol. I, xvi-xviii, and the list of Secondary Sources Consulted, Vol. I, pp. 65-70.

US-U(IU)

Location of copy or copies used for bibliographical description and indexing.

The RISM/New Grove siglum is given for the library or private owner; but for American libraries the NUC siglum is given as well in parentheses, since this is generally more familiar to Americanists. See List of Library Sigla.

In some cases more than one location is given, indicating that more than one copy had to be consulted to procure all the information needed. The listing of a copy does not necessarily imply that a member of the project staff physically examined the copy at that location. We may have relied entirely or in part on a photo duplication of that original, on bibliographical descriptions given in secondary sources, or on questionnaires sent to librarians. For some American sources we have indexed tunes from a more accessible edition of the same work, relying on Crawford's statements (in American Sacred Music Imprints) that the contents are identical.

c. 1.

The call number of the copy used, if known.

180 tunes

It should be noted that some tunes are 'counted' twice if they provide alternate readings for two different text metres. Moreover, the same tune printed more than once in a source is counted only once for each printing in this total, and is listed only once in the list of tune numbers following the source entry; but in the tune history it is shown once for each printing, with a different text in each case.

If there are other musical contents in the source, such as anthems, chants, canons, secular songs, etc., these are also summarized here.

(4)

Settings of the tunes (in this case, the settings are all for 4 voices).

First, the number of voices is stated. For example, 3 means all tune settings are for three voices, -3 means most are for three voices but some are for less, 2-4 means the settings range from two to four voices, 2-4+ means most settings range from two to four voices but a few are for more.

Second, a letter following the number indicates any instrumental accompaniment: b for unfigured instrumental bass, f for figured bass; and for fully written-out parts, g for guitar, h for harpsichord, k for unspecified keyboard, o for organ, p for piano, i for other instrument or instruments.

<Or, Fr(2), Xr, b.Or>

Availability of the source at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

UIUC holdings are designated by the following abbreviations; if preceded by a number and/or lowercase letter and a dot, the source referred to is a subordinate to the main source, and is listed below the main paragraph.

A revision of EastTWBP. The new tunes in this book are to be found in Frost, Nos. 227-50.

Comments.

These may include further description of the source; further identification of the compiler; cross-references to other sources that are related to this one but do not appear next to it in the Bibliography; explanations of the non-listing of other editions of the same work or of related works, especially if such are listed in other bibliographies; basis for conjectural dating or for identification of the compiler; and information pertaining to the use or intention of the publication.

b 1633 STC 6248. Thomas Harper, for the Company. . .

Subordinate sources.

All known sources whose tune content is identical to that of the prototype source just described are briefly listed in an indented column, in chronological order. They are termed 'subordinate sources' or 'subordinates'.

Each listing always begins with an edition number and/or letter: in this case, b. That means that the full source code for this edition would be RaveTWBP b.

Next comes the assigned year of publication. If no other dating follows, that year is from the title page of the subordinate source and is confirmed as correct. If another date follows, it is editorially supplied, using the same conventions as for prototypes.

Additional material may be given if the subordinate differs notably in title, form, or (non- tune) content from the prototype, or has a different, named compiler, publisher, or place of publication. References to other numbered bibliographies may also be given, following the same conventions as for prototypes.